Certified in Public Health (CPH) Practice Exam

What impact does particulate matter (PM) have on public health according to epidemiologic studies?

1. Causes asthma in children

2. Reduces the effectiveness of vaccines

3. Increases respiratory-related morbidity and mortality

4. Leads to higher rates of diabetes

The correct answer is: Increases respiratory-related morbidity and mortality

Particulate matter (PM) has been shown through extensive epidemiologic studies to significantly increase respiratory-related morbidity and mortality. PM consists of tiny particles or droplets in the air that can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream. Exposure to such pollutants is associated with various adverse health outcomes, primarily affecting the respiratory system. Individuals exposed to high levels of PM experience a higher incidence of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and lung infections. Moreover, studies reveal a correlation between particulate matter exposure and increased rates of hospital admissions for respiratory issues, exacerbation of existing lung diseases, and increased deaths from respiratory causes. The evidence demonstrates that reducing exposure to PM can lead to improvements in respiratory health and lower mortality rates in affected populations. While concerns about PM's impact on children's asthma and other health outcomes like diabetes exist, the most immediate and well-documented effects lie in respiratory health. Thus, the choice highlighting the increase in respiratory-related morbidity and mortality accurately reflects the conclusions of epidemiological research regarding the dangers of particulate matter exposure.