Certified in Public Health (CPH) Practice Exam

What is the immediate next step if a newborn screening test returns a positive result?

1. Follow-up testing to confirm the diagnosis

2. Evaluation of specimen handling

3. Referral to a specialist

4. Offer of genetic counseling to the family

The correct answer is: Follow-up testing to confirm the diagnosis

The next step following a positive newborn screening test is to conduct follow-up testing to confirm the diagnosis. This is crucial because screening tests can sometimes yield false-positive results, meaning that the test indicates a potential health issue that is not actually present. By performing follow-up testing, healthcare providers can accurately determine whether the newborn truly has the identified condition. Additionally, confirming the diagnosis is vital to ensure timely intervention and appropriate management, which can significantly alter the clinical outcomes for the affected newborn. Early detection and treatment of conditions identified through newborn screening can prevent complications, contribute to normal growth and development, and enhance the overall quality of life. Other steps, such as evaluating specimen handling or referring to specialists, are important in the broader context of managing a potential diagnosis, but they occur after confirming the presence of the condition through follow-up testing. Likewise, genetic counseling is typically beneficial for family understanding and support but is often discussed after a definitive diagnosis has been established.